Finally, the applicability and feasibility of the proposed risk assessment framework are demonstrated through a use case, and the results prove that the proposed framework is effective. An automotive cybersecurity risk matrix using a global rating algorithm is then constructed to create a quantitative risk metric. In the process of risk identification and risk analysis, the impact level and attack feasibility level are assessed based on the STRIDE model and attack tree method. It consists of an assessment process and systematic assessment methods considering the changes of threat environment, evaluation target, and available information in vehicle lifecycle. A systematic cybersecurity risk assessment framework for automobiles is proposed in this study. Before providing effective security solutions, a comprehensive risk assessment of the automotive cybersecurity must be carried out. The increasingly intelligent and connected vehicles have brought many unprecedented automotive cybersecurity threats, which may cause privacy breaches, personal injuries, and even national security issues.
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